Nearly one-quarter of Uganda’s population is between the ages of 10 and 19. Many of these young people are at risk or already struggling with the consequences of an unplanned pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV/AIDS. To minimize these risks and secure a healthy future for adolescents, it is necessary that policymakers, journalists, service providers and advocates have solid evidence regarding the sexual and reproductive health needs of Ugandan youth. This Research in Brief summarizes key research findings on Ugandan adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health behaviors and needs, with particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS, and points the way forward toward improving policies and programs.